17 Common Archery injuries (Prevention & Treatment)

The thrill of sharpening your aim and the adrenaline rush of mastering your bow are just a few aspects of what archery sport offers.

It combines an unbeatable blend of mental focus and physical skill.

But beware, this ancient art can lead to a range of archery sport injuries if proper precautions aren’t taken.

From the dreaded “archer’s elbow” to painful chest bruising, this article uncovers the most common injuries plaguing archery enthusiasts.

It also offers valuable insights to help you stay safe while perfecting your shot.

Table of Contents

Shoulder – Rotator cuff injuries/impingement

Rotator cuff injuries and impingement are common shoulder issues faced by archers.

These injuries occur when the muscles and tendons around the shoulder become inflamed or torn, often due to repetitive movement and overuse.

Symptoms include pain, weakness, and limited range of motion, which can greatly impact an archer’s performance.

Treatment Method:

Rest and Activity Modification: Rest and avoid activities that worsen pain.
Ice Therapy: Apply ice initially.
Pain Management: Use over-the-counter pain relievers.
Physical Therapy: Work with a therapist for a tailored program.
Shoulder Bracing: Wear a shoulder brace.
Heat Therapy: Use heat therapy after 48-72 hours.
Stretching Exercises: Perform gentle stretches.
Strengthening Exercises: Strengthen rotator cuff and shoulder muscles.

Tendonitis – Archer’s elbow and Tennis elbow

Tendonitis, commonly referred to as “archer’s elbow” or tennis elbow, is an inflammation of the tendons in the elbow, typically caused by overuse and repetitive strain.

This painful condition can lead to stiffness and limited mobility, making it difficult for archers to maintain proper form and execute accurate shots.

Treatment Method:

RICE method: Avoid using the injured area, apply ice for 15-20 minutes every 1-2 hours during the first 48 hours, wrap the area snugly with an elastic bandage, and keep the area elevated.
Pain Relief: Take over-the-counter NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) for pain and inflammation.
Gentle Stretching: Perform forearm and elbow stretches once pain decreases.
Strengthening Exercises: Start strengthening exercises for the forearm and wrist once pain subsides.
Physical Therapy: Consider therapy for a structured rehabilitation program.
Technique Adjustment: Adjust archery technique to reduce tendon strain.

String slap

String slap is a painful injury that occurs when the bowstring snaps back and strikes the forearm, leaving bruises, cuts, or even welts.

While wearing an armguard can help prevent string slap injuries, proper shooting technique and form are essential to avoiding this unpleasant experience.

Treatment Method:

RICE method: Avoid using the injured area, apply ice for 15-20 minutes every 1-2 hours during the first 48 hours, wrap the area snugly with an elastic bandage, and keep the area elevated.
Pain Relief: Use NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
Topical Treatment: Apply arnica gel.
Rest and Recovery: Allow the skin and muscle to heal before resuming archery practice.

Chest bruising

Chest bruising is a common injury among archers, especially for those new to the sport.

This occurs when the bowstring or arrow comes into contact with the chest during the shooting process.

Wearing protective gear like a chest guard can help minimize the risk of injury.

Treatment Method:

Compression: Use an elastic bandage.
Elevation: Keep the upper body elevated.
Pain Management: Use NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
Heat Therapy: Use heat after 48-72 hours.
Avoid Direct Pressure: Prevent further impact.

Muscle strain injuries

Muscle strains are common injuries in archery due to the physical demand of drawing and stabilizing a bow.

Archers can experience these strains in various muscle groups, including the shoulders, arms, and back, often leading to discomfort and reduced performance.

Treatment Method:

RICE method: Avoid using the injured area, apply ice for 15-20 minutes every 1-2 hours during the first 48 hours, wrap the area snugly with an elastic bandage, and keep the area elevated.
Pain Relief: Use NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
Gentle Stretching: Stretch gently once pain subsides.
Strengthening Exercises: Gradually introduce strengthening exercises.
Massage Therapy: Consider gentle massage.

Hand cuts or punctures

Hand cuts or punctures are possible injuries for archers who handle arrows and other sharp equipment.

These injuries may result from mishandling or accidents while on the range, making proper safety measures and handling techniques crucial.

Treatment Method:

Clean: Rinse with clean water, use mild soap if available.
Antiseptic Application: Apply antiseptic.
Proper Dressing: Cover with a sterile bandage or dressing.
Pain Management: Use over-the-counter pain relievers.
Tetanus Shot: Consult a healthcare provider if necessary.
Monitor for Infection: Watch for signs of infection and seek medical attention if they occur.

Wrist injuries (sprains, strains)

Wrist injuries, such as sprains and strains, are common in archery due to the stress placed on the wrists during the act of drawing and releasing the bowstring.

Proper form, technique, and the use of wrist guards can help mitigate the risk of these injuries.

Treatment Method:

RICE method: Avoid using the injured area, apply ice for 15-20 minutes every 1-2 hours during the first 48 hours, wrap the area snugly with an elastic bandage, and keep the area elevated.
Pain Relief: Use NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
Gentle Stretching: Stretch gently once pain subsides.
Strengthening Exercises: Gradually introduce strengthening exercises.
Massage: Gently massage the wrist.

Back injuries (muscle strains)

Back injuries, particularly muscle strains, can occur in archery due to the strain placed on the spine and back muscles while drawing and stabilizing a bow.

Regular stretching, strength training, and using proper form can help archers avoid these types of injuries.

Treatment Method:

Rest: Avoid activities that strain the back.Ice: Apply ice initially.
Heat Therapy: Use heat after 48 hours.
Pain Relief: Use NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
Gentle Stretching: Stretch gently once pain decreases.
Strengthening Exercises: Strengthen core and back muscles.
Massage Therapy: Consider gentle massage.

Finger injuries (blisters, calluses, nerve damage)

Finger injuries are common in archery, particularly for those who use their fingers to draw and release the bowstring. Blisters, calluses, and even nerve damage can occur as a result of repetitive pressure and friction.

Wearing a finger tab or glove can help protect the fingers and minimize the risk of injury.

Treatment Method:

Blister Care: Clean, cover, and apply antiseptic if needed.
Callus Management: Soak, exfoliate, and moisturize.
Nerve Damage: Rest, avoid aggravating activities, and seek medical advice if symptoms persist.
Padding and Protection: Use finger pads or archery-specific protection gear.
Proper Technique: Use correct form and technique.
Rest and Recovery: Allow time for injured fingers to heal.
Anti-Inflammatory Measures: Use over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications.

Hand injuries (sprains, strains)

Hand injuries, including sprains and strains, can occur in archery from the force exerted during the act of drawing and releasing a bow.

Proper equipment, technique, and hand protection can help prevent these types of injuries.

Treatment Method:

RICE method: Avoid using the injured area, apply ice for 15-20 minutes every 1-2 hours during the first 48 hours, wrap the area snugly with an elastic bandage, and keep the area elevated.
Pain Relief: Use NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
Splinting or Bracing: Use a splint or brace.
Gentle Stretching: Stretch gently once pain subsides.
Strengthening Exercises: Gradually reintroduce strengthening exercises.
Massage Therapy: Consider gentle massage.

Overuse injuries (from repetitive motion)

Overuse injuries, such as tendonitis and muscle strains, are common in archery due to the repetitive nature of the sport.

To minimize the risk of overuse injuries, archers should maintain proper form, technique, and equipment, as well as incorporate rest and cross-training into their routines.

Treatment Method:

Ice Therapy: Apply ice for 15-20 minutes several times a day.
Compression: Use an elastic bandage or compression wrap.
Elevation: Keep the affected area elevated.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Take over-the-counter medications.
Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Follow a rehabilitation program with stretching and strengthening exercises.

Eye injuries (from stray arrows or ricochets)

Eye injuries can occur in archery as a result of stray arrows or ricochets, leading to potential damage to the eye or surrounding tissue.

Wearing protective eyewear and following range safety rules can help prevent these injuries.

Treatment Method:

Immediate Eye Protection: Cover the injured eye.
Flush with Clean Water: Gently flush with clean water.
Seek Medical Attention: Get immediate evaluation for serious injuries.
Avoid Contact Lenses: Remove contact lenses.
Use Protective Eyewear: Wear protective eyewear.
Rest the Eye: Limit use of the injured eye.
Pain Management: Use over-the-counter pain relievers.

Knee injuries (sprains, strains)

Knee injuries, such as sprains and strains, can occur in archery due to the stress placed on the knees during the shooting stance and follow-through.

Proper form, technique, and conditioning can help protect the knees and prevent injury.

Treatment Method:

RICE method: Avoid using the injured area, apply ice for 15-20 minutes every 1-2 hours during the first 48 hours, wrap the area snugly with an elastic bandage, and keep the area elevated.
Pain Relief: Use NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
Gentle Stretching: Stretch gently once pain decreases.
Strengthening Exercises: Strengthen surrounding muscles.
Physical Therapy: Consider physical therapy for a structured program.

Foot injuries (sprains, strains)

Foot injuries can occur in archery as a result of prolonged standing, unstable stances, or sudden twists and turns during the shooting process.

Wearing supportive footwear and maintaining proper form can help minimize the risk of foot injuries.

Treatment Method:

Rest and Immobilization: Rest and avoid weight-bearing.
Ice Therapy: Apply ice for 15-20 minutes every 1-2 hours initially.
Compression: Use an elastic bandage or compression wrap.
Elevation: Keep the foot elevated.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Take NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
Foot and Ankle Exercises: Begin gentle range-of-motion and strengthening exercises.
Proper Footwear: Wear supportive shoes.
Custom Orthotics or Foot Supports: Consider custom orthotics or foot supports.

Neck injuries (muscle strain)

Neck injuries, such as muscle strains, can occur in archery due to the tension and stress placed on the neck while drawing and stabilizing a bow.

Proper form, technique, and neck muscle conditioning can help avoid these types of injuries.

Treatment Method:

Rest: Avoid straining activities.
Ice: Apply ice initially.
Heat Therapy: Use heat after 48 hours.
Pain Relief: Use NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
Gentle Stretching: Stretch gently once pain subsides.
Strengthening Exercises: Strengthen neck and upper back muscles.
Proper Technique: Review and adjust archery technique.

Sunburn

Sunburn is a common outdoor injury for archers, particularly in sunny conditions. Protecting exposed skin with sunscreen and clothing can help minimize the risk of painful sunburn.

Treatment Method:

Cool Compresses: Apply cool cloths.
Aloe Vera Gel: Use aloe vera gel.
Hydrating Lotions: Use moisturizers.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Take NSAIDs.
Avoid Further Sun Exposure: Stay out of the sun.
Cool Baths or Showers: Take cool baths or showers.

Dehydration / Heat exhaustion/heat stroke

The risk of dehydration, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke is a concern for archers, particularly when practicing or competing in hot weather.

Staying hydrated, taking breaks, and using sun protection are essential to avoid these potentially serious health issues.

Treatment Method:

Move to a Cool Area: Relocate to a shaded or air-conditioned place.
Apply Cool Compresses: Use cool, damp cloths or ice packs.
Hydrate with Electrolytes: Drink fluids with electrolytes.
Rest and Elevate: Rest comfortably and elevate the legs.
Immediate Medical Attention: Seek emergency help if heat stroke is suspected.
Cool the Body Rapidly: Move to a cool environment, apply cool water, and use fans or ice packs.
Hydrate with Caution: Offer fluids with electrolytes if conscious and able to drink.
Remove Excess Clothing: Take off excess or tight clothing.

How to Treat Archery Sport Injuries

Rotator cuff injuries and impingement – Rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medication. In some cases, physical therapy and corticosteroid injections may be recommended. Surgery may be needed for severe cases or complete tendon tears.
Tendonitis (Archer’s elbow and Tennis elbow) – Rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medication. Bracing or taping may provide support. Stretching and strengthening exercises, in addition to physical therapy, may be needed.
String slap and chest bruising – Gently cleansing and icing the affected area. Using an armguard, chest guard, and ensuring proper form can help prevent these injuries.
Muscle strains (shoulders, arms, back, neck) – Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) treatment. In some cases, pain medication or muscle relaxants may be necessary. Stretching, strengthening exercises, and physical therapy can aid recovery.
Hand/wrist injuries (cuts, punctures, sprains, strains) – Appropriate first aid for cuts or punctures, including cleaning and applying an antibiotic ointment. For sprains or strains, RICE treatment, immobilization, and pain medication may be necessary. Physical therapy may aid recovery.
Overuse injuries – Rest and activity modification, ice, and anti-inflammatory medication. Physical therapy, stretching, and strengthening exercises may be needed to prevent recurrence.
Eye, knee, and foot injuries – For eye injuries, immediate medical attention is essential. In the case of knee and foot injuries, RICE treatment, pain medication, immobilization, and physical therapy can help in recovery. Proper form and supportive footwear can prevent these injuries.

How to Prevent Archery Sport Injuries

Archery, a popular and skill-demanding sport, can result in various injuries if proper precautions and techniques are not followed.

This article will highlight common archery injuries and provide tips for prevention to ensure a safer and more enjoyable experience for participants.

Maintain proper technique and form throughout all aspects of the shooting process, including stance, drawing, holding and follow-through.
Engage in regular stretching and strength training to build and maintain muscle strength, flexibility, and endurance in your shoulders, arms, back, and core.
Wear appropriate protective gear, such as armguards, finger tabs, gloves, and chest guards to minimize injury risk.
Use properly sized equipment like bows and arrows, ensuring they are suitable for your stature and strength level.
Adhere to range safety rules and guidelines, practicing caution and awareness when sharing space with other archers.
Incorporate rest and cross-training into your archery schedule to avoid overuse injuries and promote overall fitness.
Stay hydrated and protect yourself from the sun when practicing outdoors to help prevent heat-related and sunburn injuries.
Seek instruction from a qualified coach to refine your skills, avoid bad habits, and develop a solid foundation in the sport.

FAQ

What are rotator cuff injuries and impingement in archers?

Rotator cuff injuries and impingement are common shoulder issues in archery caused by inflammation or tearing of muscles and tendons around the shoulder. They result from repetitive movement and overuse, causing pain, weakness, and limited range of motion.

What causes tendonitis (archer’s elbow and tennis elbow) in archers?

Tendonitis, known as archer’s elbow or tennis elbow, is caused by overuse and repetitive strain in the tendons of the elbow. It leads to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility, hindering the proper form and accurate shots by archers.

What is string slap, and how can it be prevented?

String slap is a painful injury caused when the bowstring snaps back and strikes the forearm, causing bruises, cuts, or welts. Wearing an armguard and maintaining proper shooting technique and form are essential to avoid string slap injuries.

How can archers avoid overuse injuries?

Archers can minimize overuse injuries like tendonitis and muscle strains by maintaining proper form, technique, and equipment. They should also incorporate rest and cross-training into their routines to prevent injuries from repetitive motion.